Understanding Fractions: Rules & Operations
Fractions represent parts of a whole, written as a division of one integer by another ($a/b$). The top number is the **numerator** (how many parts we have), and the bottom is the **denominator** (how many parts make up a whole). Denominators can never equal zero.
1. Adding and Subtracting Fractions
To add or subtract fractions, their denominators must be identical. If they are different, you find the Least Common Multiple (LCM) of the denominators. Then, adjust both numerators and apply the operator:
2. Multiplying and Dividing Fractions
Multiplying fractions is straightforward: simply multiply the numerators together, and then multiply the denominators:
Dividing fractions is accomplished by multiplying the first fraction by the **reciprocal** (the inverted version) of the second fraction:
3. Simplifying Fractions
Simplifying (or reducing) a fraction means dividing both the numerator and denominator by their Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) until they share no common factor other than 1. This is known as the **simplest form**.